The triple marker test, conducted between the 15th to 18th week of pregnancy, is used to assess the risk of genetic disorders in the fetus. Also known as the triple test, multiple marker test, or AFP plus, it measures the levels of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and estriol in the mother’s blood. This test helps couples understand the health of the developing baby.
Purpose | Procedure | Precautions | Benefits | Interpretation | Preparation | Normal Range | Results | Cost
This test helps identify risk factors in the fetus, such as neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly), and chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18 (Edward’s syndrome). It can also detect multiple pregnancies or other congenital conditions in the baby.
The triple marker pregnancy test is straightforward, much like other blood tests, and involves the following steps:
1. The technician will ask you to extend your arm and make a fist to locate the vein.
2. A strap is tied around the arm to secure the area.
3. The technician cleans the area with an antiseptic wipe to prevent any infection.
4. A sterile needle is inserted into the vein, attached to a vial for blood collection.
5. After the vial is filled, the needle is removed, and the area is cleaned again.
6. The collected blood sample is sent to a lab for evaluation.
7. The results are shared with the doctor, who will explain them to the couple.
The procedure is safe, and since only a small amount of blood is drawn, there are no significant risks to the mother or baby.
Couples may opt for an alternative screening test for a second opinion. Prenatal ultrasounds are common alternatives. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable tests for an accurate diagnosis.
It’s crucial to provide accurate information to the doctor, as any misguidance may affect test results. Sterilized needles and wipes should be used to avoid introducing blood-borne pathogens, although there are no strict rules for the mother’s preparation.
The test is particularly beneficial for women over 35, who may face increased complications during pregnancy. It helps detect genetic disorders such as trisomy 18 (Edward’s syndrome), Down syndrome, and neural tube defects, allowing parents to prepare in advance for any potential disabilities.
This test is most often recommended for women over 35, couples with a history of congenital disabilities, diabetic mothers, or those who have been exposed to radiation or severe viral infections. The results can help determine if the baby is affected.
The test identifies genetic disorders and abnormalities in the fetus. Several factors influence the results:
• Age of the pregnant woman: As women age, their egg count declines, increasing the risk of genetic disorders.
• Ethnicity: Fertility rates vary across different ethnic groups due to environmental, dietary, and socio-economic factors.
• Body weight: Excessive weight can complicate pregnancies, especially if expecting multiple children.
No special preparation or food restrictions are needed for this test. However, maintaining a healthy diet is essential for the well-being of both mother and baby. Consulting an experienced doctor is always recommended.
Typical marker levels in pregnant women range from 1.38 to 187.00 IU/ml for AFP, 1.06 to 315 ng/ml for hCGβ, and from 0.25 to 28.5 nmol/l for uE3.
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