Semen or sperm analysis, also referred to as a sperm count test, is a method used to assess the health and viability of male sperm. Semen consists of sperm and other substances like proteins and sugars, released during ejaculation. This analysis evaluates three critical aspects of sperm health:
• The concentration of sperm
• Sperm shape (morphology)
• Sperm movement (motility)
Typically, two to three tests are carried out, spaced seven days apart over two to three months, to get an accurate average of sperm health, since daily variations in sperm count are common.
CASA is an advanced technique where an electronic imaging system captures sperm images under a high-resolution video microscope. This data is processed using sophisticated software, allowing medical experts to assess various sperm parameters more accurately. This method provides a more comprehensive analysis, helping better diagnose and treat fertility-related issues.
The ability of sperm to move efficiently is crucial for male fertility. Traditional semen analysis identifies sperm that show no movement or move inefficiently, which may decrease the chances of fertilization. In CASA, each sperm’s movement is tracked over time, offering precise measurements. Parameters include:
• Total motility percentage (sperm with movement)
• Rapid motility percentage (sperm moving at 25 µm/s or faster)
• Linearity (sperm moving in straight paths)
• Progressive motility percentage (fast-moving sperm with linear motion)
• Average speed and lateral head displacement of the sperm
Sperm morphology evaluates the physical structure of sperm, where some appear normal, while others show abnormalities. Men with normal fertility have a specific percentage of normal sperm. The Kruger Morphology method, a stricter evaluation standard, has replaced older criteria, ensuring higher precision. While manual assessment may lack consistency, CASA ensures reliable results through automated analysis.
CASA Parameters Key CASA parameters include:
• VAP (Average path velocity)
• VSL (Straight-line velocity)
• VCL (Curvilinear velocity)
• ALH (Amplitude of lateral head displacement)
• BCF (Beat cross frequency)
• LIN (Linearity)
• STR (Straightness)
CASA is ideal for men seeking male fertility evaluations or those who have undergone a vasectomy. The test helps determine infertility causes, including sperm count and functionality. Men undergoing vasectomy can use CASA to verify the absence of sperm in semen post-procedure, with regular follow-up tests recommended for accuracy.
• Faster analysis
• Reproducible results with consistent settings
• Detailed sperm analysis
• Improved statistical accuracy from objective data collection
The CASA test involves semen collection followed by examination under a microscope. To prepare, it is recommended to:
• Avoid ejaculation for 24–72 hours before the test
• Refrain from consuming caffeine, alcohol, or recreational drugs 2-5 days prior
• Avoid herbal and hormone medications
The cost of a semen analysis test in India varies, with an average price around Rs. 489. Prices may range from Rs. 100 to Rs. 900 depending on location and facilities.
Signs of Unhealthy Sperm Unhealthy sperm can be identified by:
• Sperm count: Less than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen
• Motility: Less than 40% of sperm showing strong movement
• Shape: Deformed heads or short tails may indicate issues with sperm health
Certain superfoods can support sperm production, including:
1. Oysters
2. Pumpkin seeds
3. Leafy greens
4. Oranges
5. Dark chocolate
6. Pomegranate juice
7. Salmon and sardines
8. Brazil nuts
9. Water
Bacterial infections, particularly from the urinary tract, can affect sperm health. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is commonly found in men with genital tract infections or contaminated semen.
CASA offers a reliable, detailed assessment of sperm health, assisting in diagnosing fertility concerns and confirming the success of procedures like vasectomy. Regular CASA testing can help individuals better understand their reproductive health and take appropriate steps based on the results.
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